Saturday, January 2, 2010
2.Role of the Government in Health
Q1: In this chapter you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
Answer: Living Standard: is the environment, the atmosphere built across the surroundings of people
living in different regions.In well constructed urban areas standard of living is far better in
comparison to underdeveloped rural areas.Clean, pollution free surroundings lead to good living standards.
Whereas living in regions of dirty, poor sanitation, dusty lands leads to poor living standards.
Public Health: It is the wellness of all people, whether rich or poor, educated or uneducated, man or woman etc. to remain healthy and free of any disease. Right to life is everyone's right without any discrimination. That is why it is named as "public" health and every individual can have the facilities given by the government in this respect.
Q2: What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all?Discuss.
Answer: The different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all are:
These are some of the ways for the improvement of health of our public which if implemented properly
could definitely bring a positive change in our society.
Q3: What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these:
Answer:
Above table concludes that private health centers provide efficient, friendly, quality services. Doctors are well educated and qualified and provide best facilities to their patients and hence costly. Whereas public health centers,due to lack in infrastructure,provide services which don't match with the advanced techniques used by private ones but these facilities are easily used by poor people.
Q4 :‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.’ Explain with the help of examples.
Answer: Improvement in water and sanitation can control numerous diseases especially water borne diseases.
Cholera, malaria, jaundice, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery and other diseases could be prevented by special organised methods and techniques. Health of people and their standard of living would be improved.
Example - Regular checks of water coolers, roof tops and wherever the water is stagnant should be there in every house.These could prevent mosquito breeding and could save many lives.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMS:
Q5: What are communicable diseases?
Answer: The diseases which spread from one person to another through different ways like through water, air, food, touch etc. are termed as communicable diseases.
Q2: What do you mean by a good health?
Answer: A state of free of any illness, disease, or sickness with a cool, fresh mind without taking any stress or pressure is what a good health means. A disease free person but in a depressed condition is not health.
Q3: Write the full form of OPD. Also tell its function.
Answer: The full form of OPD is Out Patient Department.This is where people are first brought in
and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.
Q4: Define the following:
Answer:
a) Public: An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by
the government. This includes schools, hospitals, telephone services, etc. People can demand
these services and also raise questions about their non-functioning.
b) Private: An activity or service that is organised by an individual or company for their own profit.
c) Medical tourists: This refers to foreigners who come to this country specifically for medical treatment
at hospitals that offer world–class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in
their own countries.
Q5: Why Ranjan had to pay so much money?
Answer: Ranjan got his treatment from private hospital where the medicines and blood tests were expensive.
He got a five star treatment there with best care.As private institutes have their own profits,
so so much money was spent.Moreover at the reception only Rs.500 were taken.
Q6 :What category of people are prone to illness?
Answer: Those people who are unable to have proper meals, live in a dirty environment, don't have clean and portable water to drink, live in cramped conditions are prone to illness.
Q7: Read the story of Hakim Sheikh and answer the questions that follows:
Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.
He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him. Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that
refused to admit him, Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in the court.
a) Imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer: If I were a Judge in the court, I would sympathize with Hakim Sheikh by ordering the authorities to
pay him the money he had spent in the private hospital. Also I would ask for improving the conditions of
public hospitals as it is right of everybody to have the check up in any govt. hospital.The government
hospitals could not deny to any such treatment.
b) Where do you go for your treatment? How the services are there?
Answer: I prefer to go to private hospitals for my treatment as though expensive, it gives you the best possible treatment. In a very friendly manner they do your check up and prescribe you the latest beneficial medicines.
Once I visited the public hospital near my area with my maid who was not feeling well. We faced long queue and there was lack of modern techniques, but everything was very less expensive. Only two medicines,which were of low cost,were prescribed by the doctor. Different experiences are there in the two cases.
An important part of the Constitution says it is the “duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.”
Answer: Living Standard: is the environment, the atmosphere built across the surroundings of people
living in different regions.In well constructed urban areas standard of living is far better in
comparison to underdeveloped rural areas.Clean, pollution free surroundings lead to good living standards.
Whereas living in regions of dirty, poor sanitation, dusty lands leads to poor living standards.
Public Health: It is the wellness of all people, whether rich or poor, educated or uneducated, man or woman etc. to remain healthy and free of any disease. Right to life is everyone's right without any discrimination. That is why it is named as "public" health and every individual can have the facilities given by the government in this respect.
Q2: What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all?Discuss.
Answer: The different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all are:
- Government could increase the number of hospitals or medical vans in rural and remote places.
- Sanitation habits and proper drainage system could be improved.
- With the help of different agencies, government could provide good filters with clean and safe drinking water.
- Proper garbage dumps and disposable bags should be provided and maintained.
- By different campaigns and educational programmes, people should be aware of different health problems.
- Special treatments must be there for women, which are a vital part of our society.
- Medicines should be available either at free costs or at very low costs.
- Even proper toilets and washrooms should be made and maintained in every corner of the society.
These are some of the ways for the improvement of health of our public which if implemented properly
could definitely bring a positive change in our society.
Q3: What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these:
Answer:
| Facility | Cost of services | Availability of service |
|---|---|---|
| Private | Expensive (high cost) | Easily Available(use advance and modern techniques) |
| Public | Cheap(low cost) | Difficult to avail proper services(lack in efficiency)(lack of modern equipment) |
Above table concludes that private health centers provide efficient, friendly, quality services. Doctors are well educated and qualified and provide best facilities to their patients and hence costly. Whereas public health centers,due to lack in infrastructure,provide services which don't match with the advanced techniques used by private ones but these facilities are easily used by poor people.
Q4 :‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.’ Explain with the help of examples.
Answer: Improvement in water and sanitation can control numerous diseases especially water borne diseases.
Cholera, malaria, jaundice, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery and other diseases could be prevented by special organised methods and techniques. Health of people and their standard of living would be improved.
Example - Regular checks of water coolers, roof tops and wherever the water is stagnant should be there in every house.These could prevent mosquito breeding and could save many lives.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMS:
Q5: What are communicable diseases?
Answer: The diseases which spread from one person to another through different ways like through water, air, food, touch etc. are termed as communicable diseases.
Q2: What do you mean by a good health?
Answer: A state of free of any illness, disease, or sickness with a cool, fresh mind without taking any stress or pressure is what a good health means. A disease free person but in a depressed condition is not health.
Q3: Write the full form of OPD. Also tell its function.
Answer: The full form of OPD is Out Patient Department.This is where people are first brought in
and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.
Q4: Define the following:
Answer:
a) Public: An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by
the government. This includes schools, hospitals, telephone services, etc. People can demand
these services and also raise questions about their non-functioning.
b) Private: An activity or service that is organised by an individual or company for their own profit.
c) Medical tourists: This refers to foreigners who come to this country specifically for medical treatment
at hospitals that offer world–class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in
their own countries.
Q5: Why Ranjan had to pay so much money?
He got a five star treatment there with best care.As private institutes have their own profits,
so so much money was spent.Moreover at the reception only Rs.500 were taken.
Q6 :What category of people are prone to illness?
Answer: Those people who are unable to have proper meals, live in a dirty environment, don't have clean and portable water to drink, live in cramped conditions are prone to illness.
Q7: Read the story of Hakim Sheikh and answer the questions that follows:
The story of Hakim Sheik
Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.
He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him. Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that
refused to admit him, Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in the court.
a) Imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer: If I were a Judge in the court, I would sympathize with Hakim Sheikh by ordering the authorities to
pay him the money he had spent in the private hospital. Also I would ask for improving the conditions of
public hospitals as it is right of everybody to have the check up in any govt. hospital.The government
hospitals could not deny to any such treatment.
b) Where do you go for your treatment? How the services are there?
Answer: I prefer to go to private hospitals for my treatment as though expensive, it gives you the best possible treatment. In a very friendly manner they do your check up and prescribe you the latest beneficial medicines.
Once I visited the public hospital near my area with my maid who was not feeling well. We faced long queue and there was lack of modern techniques, but everything was very less expensive. Only two medicines,which were of low cost,were prescribed by the doctor. Different experiences are there in the two cases.
1.On Equality
how much education they have had what caste they are, or whether they are rich or poor are allowed to vote. It is called:
(a) Civic Rights
(b) Universal Suffrage
(c) Electoral Process
(d) Democracy
Q2: Which of the following is a common form of inequality found in India?
(a) Colour of skin
(b) Healthy vs Sick
(c) Caste Form
(d) Cricket Player vs Football player
Q3: Who is the author of the book 'Joothan'?
(a) Omprakash Valmiki
(b) Omprakash Chauthala
(c) B. R. Ambedkar
(d) Prakash ambedkar
Q4: Which Article in Indian Constitution defines equality and prohibits any kind of social discrimination?
(a) Article 10
(b) Article 12
(c) Article 15
(d) Article 21
Q5: An african-american refused to to give up her seat on a bus to a white man on 1 December 1955. It lead to Civil Rights Movement in USA. Name that african-american person:
(a) Helen Keller
(b) Martin Luther King Jr.
(c) Eisenhower
(d) Rosa Parks
Q6: When was the Government of India passed the Disabilities Act?
(a) 1991
(b) 1995
(c) 2001
(d) 2005
Q7: Thinking of oneself and other persons as worthy of respect is referred as _________
(a) Equality
(b) Dignity
(c) Commoness
(d) Debasement
Q8: Who said these words, "... Nothing is more disgraceful for a brave man than to live life devoid of self-respect."
(a) Omprakash Valmiki
(b) Omprakash Chauthala
(c) B. R. Ambedkar
(d) M. K. Gandhi
UNIT III POLITICAL SCIENCE
For SA I:
1.On Equality
2.Role of the Government in Health
3.How the State Government works
4.Growing up as Boys
5.Women Change the World
For SA II
6.Understanding Media
7.Understanding Advertising
8.Markets Around Us
9.A Shirt in the Market
10.Struggles for Equality
1.On Equality
2.Role of the Government in Health
3.How the State Government works
4.Growing up as Boys
5.Women Change the World
For SA II
6.Understanding Media
7.Understanding Advertising
8.Markets Around Us
9.A Shirt in the Market
10.Struggles for Equality
2.Inside our Earth
Q1: What are the three layers of the earth?
Answer: The three layers of the earth are: crust, mantle and core.
Q13: What is a rock?
Answer: Natural aggregate of minerals that makes up the earth is called ‘rock’.
Q14: Name three types of rock.
Answer: The three types of rocks are:
Q15: How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Answer: Due to extreme heat in the interior of the earth, rocks are found in the form of molten material known as ‘magma’. Because of any volcanic activity or some other reasons when magma comes on the surface of the earth, it cools down and turns into solid rocks. Such rocks are termed as ‘extrusive rocks’ e.g. Basalt.
When the magma cools down within the interior of the earth, it becomes solid known as ‘intrusive rocks’ e.g. Granite.
Q16: What do you mean by a rock cycle?
Answer:
Q17: What are metamorphic rocks?
Answer: When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure beneath the earth, they change into metamorphic rocks for example,
Q18: What are the uses of rocks?
Answer: Rocks have numerous uses.
Q19(MCQ): The rock which is made up of molten magma is
(a) Igneous
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Metamorphic
Answer: (a) Igneous
Q20(MCQ): Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of
(a) Rocks
(b) Minerals
(c) Fossils
Answer: (c) Fossils
Q21: Rocks which contain fossils are
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks
(c) Igneous rocks
Answer: (a) Sedimentary rocks
Q21: What does “plate tectonics” refer to?
Answer: The theory that the earth’s lithosphere is broken into plates which float on top of the mantle. These plates shift, causing earthquakes.
Answer: The three layers of the earth are: crust, mantle and core.
Q2(MCQ): The innermost layer of the earth is
(a) Crust
(b) Core
(c) Mantle
Answer: (b) Core
Q3: How deep one has to dig to reach the centre of the earth?
Answer: 6000 km (appox.)
Q4: What is crust?
Answer: The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.
Q5: What is the depth of the crust?
(a) Crust
(b) Core
(c) Mantle
Answer: (b) Core
Q3: How deep one has to dig to reach the centre of the earth?
Answer: 6000 km (appox.)
Q4: What is crust?
Answer: The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.
Q5: What is the depth of the crust?
Answer: Crust is about 35km deep on the continental masses and only 5km on the ocean floors.
Q6: What are the main mineral constituents of the continental mass?
Answer: The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina. It is collectively called sial (si-silica and al-alumina).
Q7: What are the main mineral constituents of ocean crust?
Answer: The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and magnesium; it is therefore called sima (si-silica and ma-magnesium)
Q8(MCQ): The thinnest layer of the earth is
(a) Crust
(b) Mantle
(c) Core
Answer: (a) Crust
Q9: How deep is the mantle?
Answer: About 2900 km
Q10: What are the mineral constituents of rock?
Answer: Silicate
Q11: What is the radius of the core?
Answer: 3500 km
Q12: What are the main mineral constituents of the core?
Answer: The core is mainly made up of nickel and iron and is called nife (ni – nickel and fe – ferrous i.e. iron).
Q13: What is a rock?
Answer: Natural aggregate of minerals that makes up the earth is called ‘rock’.
Q14: Name three types of rock.
Answer: The three types of rocks are:
- Igneous rock,
- Sedimentary rock,
- Metamorphic rock.
Q15: How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Answer: Due to extreme heat in the interior of the earth, rocks are found in the form of molten material known as ‘magma’. Because of any volcanic activity or some other reasons when magma comes on the surface of the earth, it cools down and turns into solid rocks. Such rocks are termed as ‘extrusive rocks’ e.g. Basalt.
When the magma cools down within the interior of the earth, it becomes solid known as ‘intrusive rocks’ e.g. Granite.
Q16: What do you mean by a rock cycle?
Answer:
- One rock type changes into another rock type under certain natural conditions in a cyclic manner. This process of transformation of the rock from one to another type is called ‘Rock Cycle’.
- When the molten magma cools down, it solidifies to become igneous rocks. These igneous rocks are broken down into small particles.
- By the actions of various natural agencies like - water, wind, glacier, human activities etc. they are transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks.
- When these igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure beneath the earth, they change into metamorphic rocks.
- The metamorphic rocks, which are still under great heat and pressure, melt down to form molten magma.
Q17: What are metamorphic rocks?
Answer: When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure beneath the earth, they change into metamorphic rocks for example,
- Granite changes into Gneiss.
- Coal into Slate.
- Slate into Schist.
- Limestone into Marble.
Q18: What are the uses of rocks?
Answer: Rocks have numerous uses.
- Hard rocks are used for various construction purposes such as buildings, roads, dams, embankments etc.
- From rocks, we get different types of minerals after their benefaction. Some rocks are used as gemstones.
Q19(MCQ): The rock which is made up of molten magma is
(a) Igneous
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Metamorphic
Answer: (a) Igneous
Q20(MCQ): Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of
(a) Rocks
(b) Minerals
(c) Fossils
Answer: (c) Fossils
Q21: Rocks which contain fossils are
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks
(c) Igneous rocks
Answer: (a) Sedimentary rocks
Q21: What does “plate tectonics” refer to?
Answer: The theory that the earth’s lithosphere is broken into plates which float on top of the mantle. These plates shift, causing earthquakes.
1.Environment
Q1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is an ecosystem?
Answer: It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical actors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material. Large rain forest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond are examples of ecosystem.
(i) What is an ecosystem?
Answer: It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical actors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material. Large rain forest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond are examples of ecosystem.
(ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer: All living and non-living things which exist together naturally form natural environment. It refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions exist on the earth. Land, water, air, plants and animals comprise the natural environment.
Answer: All living and non-living things which exist together naturally form natural environment. It refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions exist on the earth. Land, water, air, plants and animals comprise the natural environment.
(iii) Which are the major components of the environment?
Answer: Following are the major components of the environment:
Answer: Following are the major components of the environment:
- Natural components: Land, Water, Air, biosphere.
- Man made components: Bridge, buildings, roads, monuments etc.
- Activities and interactions of human beings: social, family, political, economic activities etc.
(iv) Give four examples of human made environment.
Answer: Bridge, buildings, roads, monuments, hospitals.
(v) What is lithosphere?
Answer: Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. Is irregular surface forms various landforms like mountains, valleys, plains etc.
(vi) Which are the two major components of biotic environment?
Answer: Plants and animals.
Answer: Plants and animals.
(vii) What is biosphere?
Answer: Plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
Answer: Plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert
(b) Aquarium
(c) Forest
Answer: (b) Aquarium
Answer: (b) Aquarium
(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?
(a) Land
(a) Land
(b) Religion
(c) Community
Answer: (a) Land
Answer: (a) Land
(iii) Which is a human made environment?
(a) Mountain
(b) Sea
(c) Road
Answer: (c) Road
Answer: (c) Road
(iv) Which is a threat to environment?
(a) Growing plant
(b) Growing population
Answer: (b) Growing population
3. Match the following.
Answer:
(i) Biosphere - (d) narrow zone where land water and air interact
(ii) Atmosphere - (a) blanket of air which surrounds the earth
(iii) Hydrosphere - (b) domain of water
(iv) Environment - (c) our surroundings
Answer:
(i) Biosphere - (d) narrow zone where land water and air interact
(ii) Atmosphere - (a) blanket of air which surrounds the earth
(iii) Hydrosphere - (b) domain of water
(iv) Environment - (c) our surroundings
4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment
Answer: Environment is our basic life support system. To fulfill his needs, man builds homes, factories and modifies the environment and its mineral wealth. For food, shelter and agriculture, he cuts forests and utilize land and water.
(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other
Answer: Plants and animals are also interdependent on each other. Plants consume carbon dioxide and give oxygen to air and prepare food, thus are producers. Animals consume plants and plant products. They also absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide for plants. The dead and decaying animals act as nutrition to plants. Forests are the natural habitat for wild life.
UNIT II : GEOGRAPHY
FOR SA I
1.Environment
2.Inside our Earth
3.Our Changing Earth
4.Air
5.Water
FOR SA II
6.Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
7.Human Environment -Settlement,Transport and Communication
8.Human Environment -Interactions: The Tropicaland the Subtropical Region
9.Life in the Temperate Grasslands
10.Life in the Deserts
1.Environment
2.Inside our Earth
3.Our Changing Earth
4.Air
5.Water
FOR SA II
6.Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
7.Human Environment -Settlement,Transport and Communication
8.Human Environment -Interactions: The Tropicaland the Subtropical Region
9.Life in the Temperate Grasslands
10.Life in the Deserts
UNIT I: OUR PASTS II (HISTORY):
FOR SA I
1.Tracing Changes through a thousand years
2.New Kings and Kingdoms
3.The Delhi Sultans
4.The Mughal Empire
5.Rulers and Buildings
FOR SA II
6.Towns,Traders and Craftspersons
7.Tribes,Nomads and Settled Communities
8.Devotinal Paths to the Divine
9.The Making of Regional Cultures
10.Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
1.Tracing Changes through a thousand years
2.New Kings and Kingdoms
3.The Delhi Sultans
4.The Mughal Empire
5.Rulers and Buildings
FOR SA II
6.Towns,Traders and Craftspersons
7.Tribes,Nomads and Settled Communities
8.Devotinal Paths to the Divine
9.The Making of Regional Cultures
10.Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
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